Education in Germany is renowned for its high standards, with a structured and well-regarded system across Europe and beyond. For expat parents, understanding the nuances of the German school system is crucial in ensuring a smooth transition for their children. This guide will help you understand the advantages and disadvantages of the German school system and choose one of the best schools in Germany to suit your needs.
Overview of the German school system
The German education system is divided into several stages, each with its requirements and expectations. Unlike in some other countries, the path through education in Germany is somewhat varied and can be tailored to suit different academic and vocational goals: parents may choose state or private schools. In big German cities like Berlin, Frankfurt, and Munich, international schools are also available.
Early childhood education (Kindergarten)
Before formal schooling begins, children typically attend Kindergarten – which allows them to prepare for primary school in Germany. It is available for children aged three to six. Kindergarten is not compulsory but is widely attended, offering a mix of play-based learning and social development activities. It provides an excellent opportunity for young children, especially expats, to immerse themselves in the German language and culture early on.
Primary schools in Germany (Grundschule)
Compulsory education starts at the age of six, when children enter Grundschule – the primary school in Germany which covers grades 1 to 4 (or grades 1 to 6 in some states). During these formative years, students are taught core subjects such as German, mathematics, science, and social studies. Emphasis is also placed on physical education and arts. At the end of Grundschule, children are assessed to determine the most suitable secondary school track for them.
Secondary schools in Germany
Secondary education in Germany is more complex, with several different types of schools catering to different academic abilities and career aspirations.
| Type | Grades | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hauptschule | grades 5 to 9/10 | Focuses on vocational education, preparing students for apprenticeships and entry-level jobs. |
| Realschule | grades 5 to 10 | Offers a broader education, leading to vocational qualifications or further academic study. |
| Gymnasium | grades 5 to 12/13 | he most academically challenging path, culminating in the Abitur, a qualification required for university entry. |
| Gesamtschule | A comprehensive school combining elements of Hauptschule, Realschule, and Gymnasium, offering multiple pathways depending on a student’s progress. |
Vocational and higher education
After completing secondary school, students have various options, including vocational training through the dual system (a combination of classroom learning and on-the-job training), attending a Fachoberschule for further specialised education, or entering higher education at a university or a university of applied sciences (Fachhochschule).
When in Germany, grown-ups learn a lot. too: don't forget to check our recycling guide.
Tips for expat parents
Familiarise yourself with the local education system
Given the regional differences in the education system, it’s important to understand the specific structure and requirements of the state (Bundesland) where you’ll be living to choose one of the best schools in Germany. Each state has its own education ministry and policies, which can affect school starting ages, curricula, and the transition between school types. Check your area's private schools in Germany: their terms may be more flexible.
Language support
If your child is not yet proficient in German, it’s advisable to arrange for language support well before the school year begins. Many schools offer integration courses or additional language classes, but enrolling your child in a German language course during the summer can provide a significant advantage. You may try finding English schools in Germany, but even in that case, learning German is essential.
School registration and documentation
Ensure you have all necessary documentation ready for school registration, including your child’s birth certificate, proof of residence, and any previous school records. School registration usually takes place in the spring. Still, it’s important to check specific deadlines with your local education authority, especially if you are applying to a private school in Germany.
Parental involvement
Best schools in Germany place a strong emphasis on parental involvement. From regular parent-teacher meetings to involvement in school events and activities, being engaged in your child’s education is encouraged and valued. This is also a great way to integrate into the local community and understand the expectations placed on your child.
Consider extracurricular activities
Encourage your child to participate in extracurricular activities, whether it’s sports, music, or clubs. These activities not only help with language acquisition but also provide social opportunities and help your child to build friendships.
Prepare for cultural differences
German schools may differ in their approach to discipline, homework, and assessment compared to what you are accustomed to. It’s helpful to have open discussions with your child about these differences to prepare them mentally for what to expect. Even international schools in Germany may differ from those you or your children are used to.
Seek support from other expat families
Connecting with other expat families can be invaluable. They can provide insights into navigating the German school system, share experiences, and offer support as you adjust to your new environment. Many cities in Germany have active expat communities, often with social media groups or local meet-ups.
Navigating the German school system as an expat can be challenging, but with careful preparation and a proactive approach, your child can have a successful and enriching educational experience. By understanding the structure of education in Germany, getting involved in the school community, and providing the necessary support, you can help your child thrive in their new environment.
